《植物生理学报》 2023, 59(2): 281-291

果树器官脱落及离区细胞壁代谢研究进展

王颖颖¹，臧运祥¹，马海杰¹，徐凯¹，张望舒²，郑伟尉^1,*

¹浙江农林大学园艺科学学院, 浙江省山区农业高效绿色生产协同创新中心, 农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室, 杭州311300；²浙大宁波理工学院生物与化学工程学院, 浙江宁波315100

通信作者：郑伟尉；E-mail: zhengww@zafu.edu.cn

摘　要：

器官脱落是植物生长发育过程中普遍存在的一种生理现象, 也是园艺植物重要的农艺性状。脱落发生的特定区域为离区, 离区形成是多种激素、基因共同参与的精细而复杂的过程, 是果树器官脱落的必备条件, 脱落启动受到脱落信号、成熟衰老、逆境等多种因素影响。本文从器官脱落阶段界定、参与离区形成的基因(JOINTLESS、BOP蛋白、MADS-box基因家族)、器官脱落调控信号(生长素、乙烯、脱落酸、IDA-Hae-HSL2等)及离区细胞壁降解相关基因(PME、PG、Cx、β-Gal)等方面阐述器官脱落过程及其机制的研究进展, 为防脱落技术研发、新品种选育、果实机械化采收等提供理论依据。

关键词：器官; 脱落; 离区; 细胞壁; 调控

收稿：2022-05-26   修定：2022-09-24

资助：国家自然科学基金(31201585)、浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGN19C150008)、浙江省果品新品种选育重大科技专项(2021-C02066-6)和宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2019B10024)。

A review on organ abscission and cell wall metabolism in fruit trees

WANG Yingying¹, ZANG Yunxiang¹, MA Haijie¹, XU Kai¹, ZHANG Wangshu², ZHENG Weiwei^1,*

¹Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China; ²School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China

Corresponding author: ZHENG Weiwei; E-mail: zhengww@zafu.edu.cn

Abstract:

Organ abscission is a common phenomenon in plants, which is also an important agronomic trait for horticultural plants. The specific sites where abscission occurs are called abscission zones (AZs). Its formation is a complex and precise process regulated by several hormones and genes, which is indispensable for the abscission of fruit tree organs. Organ abscission launches with specific signals and is usually affected by many factors such as maturity, aging, adversity, etc. In this paper, the recent progress of organ abscission process and its mechanism was reviewed in the aspects of organ abscission stage definition, genes involved in AZ formation (JOINTLESS, BOP protein, and MADS-box gene family), organ abscission regulatory signals (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid and IDA-Hae-HSL2), and genes related to AZ cell wall degradation (PME, PG, Cx and β-Gal). It will provide a theoretical scientific basis for research on organ abscission prevention technology, breeding of new fruit varieties and mechanized fruit harvesting.

Key words: organ; abscission; abscission zone; cell wall; regulation